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Iceland looks like a tiny spot on the world map, but considering its size (app. 103.000 sq. km) the country has an incredible diverse landscape, dominated by mighty glaciers and mountains, desolate highlands, fertile river valleys, volcanoes and lava fields.

Iceland is located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge dividing the European and American continental plates, slowly pulling the two in separate directions. The ridge runs through the whole country, resulting in volcanic eruptions, geothermal activity such as geysers and hot springs, as well as occasional earthquakes.

Hundreds of volcanoes dot the landscape, although not all of them are active. The most famous ones include: Hekla, which was once believed to be the entrance to hell, Katla on the Myrdalsjökull glacier and Krafla in North-Iceland. All of them have erupted within the last century. On average there is a volcanic eruption every five years. Lava fields cover some 11% of the island.

Geothermal power is harnessed to produce energy and heat. In fact more than 90% of Icelandic homes are heated in this way. Fossil fuels are used only for transportation, and hydropower to produce electricity. As a consequence Icelanders can enjoy a clean pollution free environment.

Approximately 11% of the total area of the country is covered by glaciers. The largest one is Vatnajökull glacier, which is up to a kilometre thick. Langjökull, the second largest one, is easily reached on a day tour from Reykjavik by super jeeps. The glacial melt water ends in rivers, some of which offer possibilities for river rafting whereas others give rise to beautiful waterfalls, such as the famous Gullfoss waterfall on the Hvitá river. Many of the spring fed rivers and lakes offer fabulous chances for fishing salmon, trout and Arctic char.

Iceland is renowned for its natural beauty, and not without a cause. It is certainly worthwhile to go and explore, either on your own or on some of the organized tour options available. Just pick your choice and get going!

More satellite images can be found on the webpages of NASA.

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